Dr. Tahir M. Qazi

August 01, 2008

 

Book Review 

Chasing A Mirage – The Tragic Illusion of an Islamic State. 

Author: Tarek Fatah
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Canada
Reviewed By: Javed I. Chaudry

Dear Farzana: Re: Your Post #57 

Thank you for taking time to offer your views in response to Rafi Sahib and Javed Sahib. They might have understood your response well enough. I am at a loss. Your reasoning is founded on convoluted hypothetical premises. Please help me understand! 

As you say, quote: 

“Temporal law can be separated from the doctrinal aspects of the faith based on the belief that societies evolve. This leaves Muslims with the freedom to enact laws according to the needs of changing societies and do not require Muslims to implement Quranic punishments in a literal sense”    

It is rationalization (Not rationality) that some assertions in Koran are temporal whereas others deal with doctrinal issues and are eternal; it sounds great. Let’s put your ideas to a real test. Here is a test verse for you: 

24:02

“The woman and the man guilty of adultery or fornication,- flog each of them with a hundred stripes: Let not compassion move you in their case, in a matter prescribed by Allah, if ye believe in Allah and the Last Day; and let a party of the Believers witness their punishment.” (Yusuf Ali) 

Kindly, filter out which of God’s words in the verse above, you think, are not good anymore. And, when you are done; please lay out principles from Koran (Not Hadith that is a corrupted source) with the help of which you could abrogate more of God’s words from Koran whether on temporality premises or otherwise.  

Dear Farzana, allow me a few words on Ijtihad also: 

Iqbal’s views on Ijtihad are very clear in “The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam”. His arguments are sometimes hard to understand. However, those same arguments are in your book too, in a more readable form. Iqbal’s arguments simply veneer the true problems with Ijtihad.  

The word “Ijtihad” can be translated several ways. Iqbal has interpreted this word as, “To exert” in The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam. I often time wonder how it could be possible to exert any injunction of Koran (left over after abrogation that you suggest) without state authority as a back up. When Iqbal talks about Ijtihad and interprets “To Exert”, I am certain he does recognize the peril of not backing it by a strong Islamic state. 

Secondly, let’s look at other meanings of Ijtihad now. Even if somebody interprets Ijtihad as counselling or consensus formation; this method has miserably failed in the past history of Islam. Can you cite from the history of Islam any Koranic injunction that Muslims uniformly agreed as abrogated as a result of Ijtihad? By the way, I think that Ijtihad-theory that did not stand the test of history would merit nothing in the future.  

Thirdly, Ijtihad in past 1400 years has ended up creating at least 72 sects in Islam. Verdict of history is that Ijtiahd did not bring about any sort of consensus in the past. Contrarily, it has proved to be a divisive methodology within Islam. Sectarian division wielded explicit devastating impact on politics, society and history. Well, there is a way to go beyond sectarian divisions but that would take us away current focus of our discussion.  

Fourth, the very idea of Ijtihad insidiously sows seeds of a theological Islamic state because “State” is the only mechanism for Ijtihad to be functional. Ijtihad by one sect has never been a binding on other sects. Ijtihad, without a mechanism to exert it and without being a binding, is a useless exercise. I am seriously thinking that anybody who proposes Ijtihad as a means for liberating Muslims is indirectly and unwittingly arguing for creation of an Islamic state in reality. Or, I am missing something? 

Kind Regards, 

Tahir Qazi

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